Here we  provide references on selected papers devoted to practical applications of Virial's software


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Y. Duan and P. Bloembergen,
A Direct Comparison of the Transition Temperatures of Silver-point Cavity Radiators Realized by NIM, China, and NMi-VSL, the Netherlands,”  Proc. TEMPMEKO 1999, 555-560 (1999)

S. Galal Yousef, P. Sperfeld and J. Metzdorf, “Measurement and calculation of the emissivity of a high-temperature black body,” Metrologia 37, 365-368 (2000)

P. Bloembergen et al., “A Study on the Instrument-oriented Characterization of Low-Temperature Radiation Thermometers,”  Proc. TEMPMEKO 2001, 723-728 (2002)

H. C. McEvoy et al., “Comparison of the New NPL Primary Standard Ag Fixed Point Blackbody Source with the Primary Standard Fixed Point of PTB,” Temperature: Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry, v. 7, edited by Dean C. Ripple, 909-914 (2003)

M. Noorma, “Absolute Detector-based Radiometric Temperature Scale,” Proc. TEMPMEKO 2004 1, 101-106 (2005)

A.G. Steele, N.L. Rowell, and A.L. Reesink, “Fourier Transform Blackbody Thermometry: Emissivity and Detector Linearity,” Proc. of TEMPMEKO 2004 1, 515-520 (2005)

Hsin-Yi Ko, John Lin, Hui-Mei Tai, “Hand-carry Blackbody Calibrator for Infrared Ear Thermometer,” Proc. TEMPMEKO 2004 2, 989-994 (2005)

F. A. Best et al., “Performance Verification of the Geosynchronous Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS) On-board Blackbody Calibration System,” Proc. SPIE 6405, 64050I-1 - 64050I-10 (2006)

S. A. Ogarev et al., “Blackbody sources within 100 - 1000 K temperature range for precision calibration of space-borne instruments,” IEEE IGARSS, 2224-2226 (2006)

Shu-Fei Tsai, Hsin-Yi Ko, Bor-Jiunn Wen, Chia-Chen Li, "Standard Blackbody for Infrared Tympanic Thermometers," Simposio de Metrología 2006, Santiagp de Querétaro, Qro. México, Oct. 25-27,  1-4 (2006)

V. I. Sapritsky et al., “Variable and fixed-point blackbody sources developed at VNIIOFI for precision measurements in radiometry and thermometry within 100K…3500K temperature range,” Proc. SPIE 6297, 629710-1 - 629710-11 (2006)

Chul-Woung Park et al., “Accuracy improvement in the source-based calibration of radiative heat flux sensors by consideration of the temperature non-uniformity of the high temperature blackbody,” Metrologia 43, 135-141 (2006)

E. Usadi, “Reflecting cavity blackbodies for radiometry,” Metrologia 43 , S1-S5 (2006)

P. R. Dekker and E. W. M. van der Ham, ITS-90 Scale Realization on the New Radiation Thermometer Calibration Facility at NMi VSL,Int. J. Thermophys. 29,1001-1013 (2008)

M. Ojanen et al., Filter Radiometers as a Tool for Quality Assurance of Temperature Measurements with Linear Pyrometers,” Int. J. Thermophys. 29, 1084-1093 (2008)

F. Liebmann, “Infrared calibration development at Fluke Corporation Hart Scientific Division,” Proc. SPIE 6939, 693906-1 - 693906-11 (2008)


S. P. Morozova et al.,
Vacuum Variable-Temperature Blackbody VTBB100,” Int. J. Thermophys. 29, 341-351 (2008)

P. Bloembergen et al., Spectral and Total Effective Emissivity of a High-Temperature Fixed-Point Radiator Considered in Relation to the Temperature Drop Across its Back Wall,”  Int. J. Thermophys. 29, 370-385 (2008)

K. D. Hill and D. J. Woods,
Characterizing the NRC Blackbody Sources for Radiation Thermometry from 150 °C to 962 °C,” Int. J. Thermophys. 30, 105-123 (2009)

S. A. Ogarev et al.,
Low-Temperature Blackbodies for IR Calibrations in a Medium-Background Environment,” Int. J. Thermophys. 30, 77-97 (2009)

Hsin-Yi Ko et al.,
A High-Emissivity Blackbody with Large Aperture for Radiometric Calibration at Low-Temperature,” Int. J. Thermophys. 30, 98-104 (2009)

P. J. Gero et al., “On-orbit Absolute Blackbody Emissivity Determination Using the Heated Halo Method,” Proc. SPIE 7857, 78570L-1 - 78570L1 (2010)

H. Ko, "Standard source for skin type clinical thermometers," Proc. of SICE Annual Conference 2010, 18-21 Aug. 2010, 2675-2677 (2010)


P. Castro, "High Temperature Fixed Points: Investigation of Influence Parameters on the Temperature Uncertainty by Thermal Modelling," Doctoral Thesis, Universidad de Valladolid (2011)

P. Bloembergen et al., "A Determination Study of the Cavity Emissivity of the Eutectic Fixed Points Co-C, Pt-C, and Re-C," Int. J. Thermophys., Online First 10/02/2011